Compliance, Enforcement, and Litigation

A law is only as strong as its enforcement. Instagram must comply with European data protection rules; banks must meet anti-money-laundering requirements; fashion brands must now verify that their suppliers respect human rights under the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive. But what does compliance actually look like from inside an organisation? What tools do regulators have when rules are broken? And what happens when a case reaches a courtroom? This course takes you through the full enforcement chain, from corporate compliance programmes to regulatory investigation, from evidence gathering to judicial proceedings. You will analyse real enforcement cases across domains (data protection, competition, financial regulation, environmental law), hear from practitioners, and examine the strategic choices that companies, regulators, and courts face. Special attention will be given to emerging challenges: how do you enforce rules against algorithmic systems? What evidentiary standards apply when the ‘decision-maker’ is a machine? You will graduate from this course able to think like a compliance strategist, not just describe legal rules.